Multiple Sclerosis is a well-known progressive, degenerative, neurological disease in which the myelin sheath deteriorates. There is no known cause or cure. The nerve fibers (axons), which carry messages from the brain to the muscles, are covered with a white fatty tissue known as the myelin sheath. When this covering comes off, it can be compared to peeling off the insulation on an electrical wire. As the sheath deteriorates, scar tissue (plaque) forms, becomes hard and reduces the speed of conduction. In multiple sclerosis, this "peeling off" phenomenon is seen as slow, uncoordinated movement. The size, location and number of plaques present determine the amount of disability. Many experience plaque formation, recover, and there is never a recurrence. Forty percent will experience a gradual loss of functioning, while 10% will have a rapid progression of the disease. People with multiple sclerosis tend to lead a sedentary life and, hence, become de-conditioned. Although exercise has not been shown to improve or slow down the progression of the disease, it can improve function, overall health and fitness and increase energy. Exercise is an important part of the treatment for multiple sclerosis because of its effect of reducing stress, anxiety and depression.
